ACTIVITY 15

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1. __________________is the chemical process that ___________ down _________ organic molecules to form ___________ ones through a ___________.





2. Cells need ____________to carry out their functions and to stay alive. This energy is stored in a compound abbreviated _____________. There are two ways for a cell to get energy from foods: by _____________ or by __________________. Both ways begin with a process called ______________, but then they differ.





3. _________________ is a process in which _______________ (a sugar with 6 carbons) is ______________ down into __________ molecules of __________________ (a 3 carbon sugar). During ______________, ____________ doesn´t need to be present. It is for this reason that one of the conditions for ____________________ is that oxygen _________ present.





4. An important difference between _______________ respiration and ________________________is the total production of __________. In cellular respiration (a process that takes place in the presence of oxygen), a _________ amount of energy is produced in __________________.





5. In fermentation, the ____________ acid molecules are partly transformed into _______________ and partly consumed during the process. Only ____ molecules of ___________ are produced during ____________, compared to the __________ATPs produced during ___________ respiration.





6. The main types of fermentation are:





7. If the muscles in our bodies receive enough __________ through the __________, ______________ will be completely metabolized into _________ and ___________.





8. Write the formula for the cellular respiration

9. During activities that require a lot of _________ exertion, the oxygen available may not be enough, creating ___________ conditions (lack of oxygen). This causes ____________ to be broken down into ______molecules of __________ acid.





10. The presence of _________ acid in __________ causes the "___________” you get after having done a lot of exercise. When __________ acid forms in the tissues due to the absence of ___________, the muscle can´t do anything with it, and it must be eliminated ____________ by __________ through the blood, which carries it to the ____________ to be eliminated. Overexerted muscles feel _____________ and ___________ even though there is no _________.





11. There are ______________ in milk that transform __________ (milk sugar) into __________ acid.





12. Lactic acid is what gives __________ its flavor.





13. The fermentation of ____________ does not produce __________ acid. Its final products are _____________ and __________. It is carried out through ______________ that break down ___________ into ______ molecules of ____________ and __________________. Humans take advantage of this process to make _________, __________ and __________.





14. In making bread, the _____________ is the enzyme that forms the _______ that is trapped in the _________ of the bread and makes the bread __________. The _____________ that evaporates while the bread is baked is what gives it that delicious ________ while it is _________.





15. Fermentation takes place in the following situations:





16. _________________ is the chemical reaction between a ____________ acid and an _______________ to produce and ester and water through _____________.





17. Write the formula for esterification





18. ________________ have a pleasant aroma and they are used as food _____________.





19. At industrial levels the following esters are produced:

• _____________________, which is used as a ______________ and to separate liquid mixtures; and ________________, which is used as a solvent and whose presence in _____________ ruins its flavor.